Anamu

• Muitos compostos biologicamente ativos foram descobertos no Anamu, incluindo flavonóides, triterpenos, esteróides e compostos de enxofre. Nomeadamente, o dibenzyltrisulfide, a astilbina, benzaldeídos e cumarinas, sendo todos eles antitumorais e / ou anticancerígenos..

• Usos Tradicionais:

  No cancro e leucemias, como estimulante das funções imunes e na produção de células imunes. Em todos os estados inflamatórios, artrite e reumatismo.

• Ingredientes

  : Petiveria alliacea

• Sugestão de uso:

  Tome 2 cápsulas (500 mg cada) 3 x dia.

• Contra-Indicações:

  Não deve ser usado durante a gravidez ou durante a amamentação.

• Interacções  medicamentosas:

  Nenhuma relatada.

• Precauções:

  O Anamu contêm cumarinas que são fluidificadoras do sangue e anticoagulantes.

• Deve ser tomada em conjunto com o Probiosan^®

• Propriedades:

• Antileucémicas, antitumorais e actividade anticancerígena contra vários tipos de células cancerosas. Num estudo in vitro inibiu o crescimento de células do cancro da mama. Um estudo publicado em 2002 documentou um efeito tóxico in vitro contra uma linha de células do cancro do fígado; outro estudo in vitro em 2001 descreveu que o anamu retardou o crescimento das células cancerosas cerebrais (neuroblastoma).O Anamu provou, in vivo e in vitro, ser um imunoestimulante. Num estudo de 1993 com ratos, com o extracto aquoso, foi relatado a  estimulação e produção de células imunitárias (linfócitos e interleucina II). Um outro estudo com ratos demonstrou o aumento da actividade das células natural killer em 100% e estimulou a produção de ainda mais tipos de células imunitárias (interferão, interleucina II, e Interleucina IV).A pesquisa adicional, de 1997 a 2001, documentou acções imunoestimulantes fundamentadas em humanos e animais. Um estudo relatou: “Com base nestes resultados, sugerimos que a Petiveria alliacea regula a resposta imune antibacteriana, aumentando tanto a função de Th1 como a actividade de células NK. “Outra pesquisa provou ser eficaz na artrite e no reumatismo por ter propriedades anti-inflamatórias. Um grupo de pesquisa na Suécia demonstrou que o anamu possui acção inbidora da cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1).Muitos estudos laboratoriais in vitro documentaram que o anamu tem um largo espectro de propriedades antimicrobianas contra várias estirpes de bactérias, micoplasmas, micobactérias, vírus, fungos e leveduras.

• PESQUISAS E ESTUDOS PUBLICADOS POR PESQUISADORES SOBRE O ANAMU

Cytotoxic & Anticancerous Actions:

Williams, L., et al. “Life’s immunity as a normal distribution function: philosophies for the use of dibenzyl trisulphide in immunity enhancement and life extension” West Indian Med. J.2010 Oct;59(5):455.

Williams, L., et al. “Implications of dibenzyl trisulphide for disease treatment based on its mode of action.” West Indian Med J. 2009 Nov;58(5):407-9.

Urueña, C., et al. “Petiveria alliacea extracts uses multiple mechanisms to inhibit growth of human and mouse tumoral cells.” BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2008 Nov 18; 8:60.

Williams, L., et al. “A critical review of the therapeutic potential of dibenzyl trisulphide isolated from Petiveria alliacea L (guinea hen weed, anamu).” West Indian Med. J. 2007 Jan; 56(1): 17-21.

An, H., et al. “Synthesis and anti-tumor evaluation of new trisulfide derivatives.” Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2006 Sep; 16(18): 4826-9.

Williams, L. A., et al. “In vitro anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity of sixty natural products on the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with specific reference to dibenzyl trisulphide.” West Indian Med. J. 2004 Sep; 53(4): 208-19.

Ruffa, M. J., et al. “Cytotoxic effect of Argentine medicinal plant extracts on human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.” ; J. Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 79(3): 335-39.

Mata-Greenwood, E., et al. “Discovery of novel inducers of cellular differentiation using HL-60 promyelocytic cells.” Anticancer Res. 2001; 21(3B): 1763-70.

Rosner, H., et al. “Disassembly of microtubules and inhibition of neurite outgrowth, neuroblastoma cell proliferation, and MAP kinase tyrosine dephosphorylation by dibenzyl trisulphide.” Biochem. Biophys. Acta 2001; 1540(2): 166-77.

Jovicevic, L., et al. “In vitro antiproliferative activity of Petiveria alliacea L. on several tumor cell lines.” Pharmacol. Res. 1993; 27(1): 105-06.

Rossi, V., et al. “Antiproliferative effects of Petiveria alliacea on several tumor cell lines.” Pharmacol. Res. Suppl. 1990; 22(2): 434.

Yan, R., et al. “Astilbin selectively facilitates the apoptosis of interleukin-2-dependent phytohemaglutinin-activated Jurkat cells.” Pharmacol. Res. 2001; 44(2): 135-39.

Weber, U. S., et al. “Antitumor activities of coumarin, 7-hydroxy-coumarin and its glucuronide in several human tumor cell lines”. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol. 1998; 99(2): 193-206.

Bassi, A. M., et al. “Comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity and metabolism of four aldehydes in two hepatoma cell lines.” Drug Chem. Toxicol. 1997 Aug; 20(3): 173-87.

Anti-Sickling Actions

Ameh, S., et al. “Traditional herbal management of sickle cell anemia: lessons from Nigeria.” Anemia. 2012; 2012:607436.

Immunostimulant & Antioxidant Actions:

Santander, S., et al. “Immunomodulatory effects of aqueous and organic fractions from Petiveria alliacea on human dendritic cells.” Am J Chin Med. 2012;40(4):833-44

Williams, L. “Life’s immunity as a normal distribution function: philosophies for the use of dibenzyl trisulphide in immunity enhancement and life extension.” West Indian Med J. 2010 Oct;59(5):455.

Okada, Y., et al. “Antioxidant activity of the new thiosulfinate derivative, S-benzyl phenylmethanethiosulfinate, from Petiveria alliacea L.” Org. Biomol. Chem. 2008 Mar 21; 6(6): 1097-102.

Queiroz, M. L., et al. “Cytokine profile and natural killer cell activity in Listeria monocytogenes infected mice treated orally with Petiveria alliacea extract. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 2000 Aug; 22(3): 501-18.

Quadros, M. R., et al. “Petiveria alliacea L. extract protects mice against Listeria monocytogenes infection—effects on bone marrow progenitor cells.” Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 1999 Feb; 21(1): 109-24.

Williams, L., et al. “Immunomodulatory activities of Petiveria alliaceae L.” Phytother. Res. 1997; 11(3): 251253.

Rossi, V., “Effects of Petiveria alliacea L. on cell immunity.” Pharmacol. Res. 1993; 27(1): 111-12.

Marini, S., “Effects of Petiveria alliacea L. on cytokine production and natural killer cell activity.” Pharmacol. Res. 1993; 27(1): 107-08.

Anti-inflammatory & Pain-Relieving Actions:

de Morais Lima, G., et al. “Database Survey of Anti-Inflammatory Plants in South America: A Review” Int J Mol Sci. 2011; 12(4): 2692–2749.

Gomes, P. B., et al. “Study of antinociceptive effect of isolated fractions from Petiveria alliacea L. (tipi) in mice.” Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005; 28(1): 42-6.

Lopes-Martins, R. A., et al. “The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of a crude extract of Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae).” Phytomedicine. 2002; 9(3): 245-48.

Dunstan, C. A., et al. “Evaluation of some Samoan and Peruvian medicinal plants by prostaglandin biosynthesis and rat ear oedema assays.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1997 Jun; 57(1): 35-56.

Germano, D., et al. “Pharmacological assay of Petiveria alliaceae. Oral anti-inflammatory activity and gastrotoxicity of a hydro alcoholic root extract.” Fitoterapia. 1993; 64(5): 459-467

Germano, D. H., et al. “Topical anti-inflammatory activity and toxicity of Petiveria alliaceae.” Fitoterapia. 1993; 64(5): 459-67.

de Lima, T. C., et al. “Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of Petiveria alliacea (Guine) in animals.” Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 1991; 86 Suppl 2: 153-58.

Di Stasi, L. C., et al. “Screening in mice of some medicinal plants used for analgesic purposes in the state of Saõ Paulo.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1988; 24(2/3): 205–11.

Wound Healing Actions:

Schmidt, C., et al. “Biological studies on Brazilian plants used in wound healing.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Apr 21; 122(3): 523-32.

Antimicrobial & Antiparasitic Actions:

Kim, S., et al. “Antibacterial and antifungal activity of sulfur-containing compounds from Petiveria alliacea L.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Mar; 104(1-2): 188-92.

Kubec, R., et al. “The lachrymatory principle of Petiveria alliacea.” Phytochemistry. 2003 May; 63(1): 37-40.

Ruffa, M. J., et al. “Antiviral activity of Petiveria alliacea against the bovine diarrhea virus. Chemotherapy 2002; 48(3): 144-47.

Benevides, P. J., et al. “Antifungal polysulphides from Petiveria alliacea L.” Phytochemistry. 2001; 57(5): 743-7.

Caceres, A., et al. “Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of protozoal infections. I. Screening of activity to bacteria, fungi and American trypanosomes of 13 native plants.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998 Oct; 62(3): 195-202.

Berger, I., et al. “Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of protozoal infections: II. Activity of extracts and fractions of five Guatemalan plants against Trypanosoma cruzi.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1998 Sep; 62(2): 107-15.

Hoyos, L., et al. “Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of a folk medicine, Petiveria alliaceae (Anamu).” Mutat. Res. 1992; 280(1): 29-34.

Caceres, A., et al. “Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. I. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 31(3): 263-76.

Misas, C.A.J., et al. “The biological assessment of Cuban plants. III.” Rev. Cub. Med. Trop. 1979; 31(1): 21–27.

Von Szczepanski, C., et al. “Isolation, structure elucidation and synthesis of an antimicrobial substance from Petiveria alliacea.” Arzneim-Forsch 1972; 22: 1975–.

Feng, P., et al. “Further pharmacological screening of some West Indian medicinal plants.” J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1964; 16: 115.

Sedative, Antidepressant, & Anticonvulsant Actions:

de Andrade, T., et al. “Potential behavioral and pro-oxidant effects of Petiveria alliacea L. extract in adult rats.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Sep 28;143(2):604-10.

Gomes, F., et al. “Central effects of isolated fractions from the root of Petiveria alliacea L. (tipi) in mice.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Nov 20; 120(2): 209-14.

Anxiogenic Actions:

de Andrade, T., et al. “Potential behavioral and pro-oxidant effects of Petiveria alliacea L. extract in adult rats.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Sep 28;143(2):604-10.

Blainski, A., et al. “Dual effects of crude extracts obtained from Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae) on experimental anxiety in mice.” J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Mar 24;128(2):541-4.

Hypoglycemic Actions:

Lans, C. A. “Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus.” J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine. 2006 Oct 13; 2: 45.

Lores, R. I., et al. “Petiveria alliaceae L. (anamu). Study of the hypoglycemic effect.” Med. Interne. 1990; 28(4): 347–52.

Insecticidal Actions:

Rosado-Aguilar, J., et al. “Acaricidal activity of extracts from Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) against the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: ixodidae).” Vet Parasitol. 2010 Mar 25;168(3-4):299-303.

Non-Toxic Actions:

García-González, M., et al. “Subchronic and acute preclinic toxicity and some pharmacological effects of the water extract from leaves of Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae).” Rev. Biol. Trop. 2006 Dec; 54(4): 1323-6.

Chemical Constituents Identified:

Musah, R., et al. “Discovery and characterization of a novel lachrymatory factor synthase in Petiveria alliacea and its influence on alliinase-mediated formation of biologically active organosulfur compounds.” Plant Physiol. 2009 Nov; 151(3): 1294-303.

Musah, R., et al. “Studies of a novel cysteine sulfoxide lyase from Petiveria alliacea: the first heteromeric alliinase. Plant Physiol. 2009 Nov; 151(3): 1304-16.